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- DRAFT - Tools RFC
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- S. Hares and C. Wittbrodt
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- November 10, 1992
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- Draft - TOOLS RFC November 10, 1992
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- 1. Status
-
- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are
- working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force
- (IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups. Note that other
- groups may also distribute working documents as Internet
- Drafts.
-
- Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of
- six months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or
- obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is not
- appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or
- to cite them other than as a "working draft" or "work in
- progress."
-
- Please check the I-D abstract listing contained in each
- Internet Draft directory to learn the current status of this
- or any other Internet Draft.
-
- This Internet Draft specifies tools which are necessary to
- debug problems in the deployment and maintenance of networks
- using ISO 8473[1], the connectionless network layer protocol
- (CLNP). This document will be submitted to the RFC editor as
- a proposed standard for the OSI Internet.
-
- To support some of the needed tools (ping and traceroute)
- this draft specifies the mechanism specified in RFC1139 [2].
- RFC 1139 is intended to mirror the work that is currently
- going on within the ISO community. ISO work is progressing
- on an ISO echo function, but not completed yet and at this
- time, there is no estimated date of completion. A revised
- RFC 1139 reflects the current RFC's work [3].
-
-
- 2. Abstract
-
- This draft specifies the following three necessary tools to
- debug problems in the deployment and maintenance of networks
- using ISO 8473 (CLNP):
-
- - ping or ISO Echo function
- - traceroute function which uses the ISO Echo function
- - routing table dump function
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- Draft - TOOLS RFC November 10, 1992
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- 3. Table of Contents
-
-
- 1 Status ...................................... 2
- 2 Abstract .................................... 2
- 3 Table of Contents ........................... 3
- 4 Introduction ................................ 3
- 5 Specification ............................... 4
- 5.1 Ping ...................................... 4
- 5.1.1 Protocol Support ........................ 4
- 5.1.2 Functions supported by the ping utility . 5
- 5.2 Traceroute ................................ 5
- 5.2.1 Basic Traceroute ........................ 5
- 5.2.2 Use of Partial Source route in traceroute 7
- 5.2.3 Information needed from a Traceroute
- utility ................................... 7
- 5.3 OSI routing table dump .................... 8
- 5.3.1 SNMP .................................... 8
- 5.3.1.1 RFC XXXX Integrated IS-IS MIB [6] ..... 9
- 5.3.1.2 RFC XXXX IDRP MIB [7] ................. 9
- 5.3.2 CMIP agent .............................. 9
- 5.3.2.1 ISO 10733 (Network Layer Management
- info) [8] ................................. 9
- 5.3.2.2 ISO 10589 (IS-IS Management
- info) [9] ................................. 10
- 5.3.2.3 ISO 10747 (IDRP Management info) [4]
- ........................................... 10
- 6 References .................................. 11
-
-
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- 4. Introduction
-
- Currently in the Internet, OSI protocols are being used more
- and more. As the network managers of an Internet once
- predominantly a TCP/IP network began deploying parts of the
- emerging OSI Internet, it became apparent that network layer
- ISO network debugging tools were almost nonexistant. When
- such tools existed, different implementations didn't work
- together.
-
- As stated in RFC 1139 a simple network layer mechanism is
- necessary to allow systems to be probed to test network
- layer integrity. RFC 1139 goes on to describe two different
- ping capabilities, one a long term solution, and one a
- short term solution. The problem becoming more and more
- prevalent in the OSI Internet is that some vendors imple-
- mented the short term solution and some implemented the long
- term one. The two solutions do not work together, i.e., a
- ping from a host with the short term version to one with the
- long term version will not work, and visa versa. Also,
- some hosts and routers have not implemented a ping at all.
- The two solutions provided to simplify the situation, have
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- instead complicated it. The revised version of RFC 1139
- specifies only the long term solution. Certain wording in
- the error handling section have been revised to match the
- current ISO work.
-
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- 5. Specification
-
- This document's purpose is to specify a standard ping, tra-
- ceroute, and OSI routing table dumping mechanisms for use
- for the ISO 8473 (CLNP) protocol in the OSI Internet. A
- detailed description of the specified mechanisms is below.
- These mechanism should be available on every router (inter-
- mediate system) or host (end system) that provides OSI ser-
- vice for the Internet. These three functions are the basic
- tool set for the OSI network layer for the Internet.
-
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- 5.1. Ping
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- 5.1.1. Protocol Support
-
- The long term echo mechanism, as described in RFC1139,
- requires the use of two new type values in the packet header
- of the ISO 8473 Network Protocol Data Units(NPDUs). The two
- values are:
-
-
- 1E(hex) - for the Echo Request Selector and,
- 1F(hex) - for the Echo Reply Selector.
-
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- Nodes which support ISO8473 but do not support these two new
- values (for the type code option field in the header of an
- ISO 8473 (NPDU) will send back an error packet IF the ERROR
- report flag is set in the NPDU.
-
- To support a ping function for ISO 8473, all end systems
- (hosts) and intermediate systems (routers) must support the
- "long term" echo function as defined by RFC 1139-Revised AND
- also set the ERROR report flag in the 8473 header.
-
- The setting of the ERROR report flag is required because
- this allows a way for a compliant host or router to ping a
- non-compliant host or router. When a non-complaint host or
- router receives a "ping" NPDU with the new type function
- (Echo Request Selector), it will send back an ISO 8473 ER
- NPDU to the originating host, thus showing reachability.
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- 5.1.2. Functions supported by the ping utility
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- A ping utility should able to provide the Round trip time of
- each packet, plus the average minimum and maximum RTT over
- several ping packets. When an ER NPDU is received by the
- node, the ping utility should report the error code to the
- user.
-
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- 5.2. Traceroute
-
- The CLNP trace is similar to the ping utility except that it
- utilizes the "Lifetime" field in the ISO 8473 NPDU. The
- "Lifetime" field serves the same function as the Time To
- Live (TTL) field does in an IP packet. A node (router or
- host) cannot forward ISO 8473 NPDU with a value for the
- Lifetime of zero. If the ERROR REPORT flag is set in the
- ISO 8473 PDU, an ER (error) NPDU will be returned to the
- originator of the packet.
-
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- 5.2.1. Basic Traceroute
-
- If a ISO 8473 PDU with a type code of Echo-request is sent
- with "Lifetime" field value of 1, the first hop node
- (router or end system) will either return an ER NPDU to the
- originator the NPDU. If the first hop node supports the
- "Echo-Request" type field the error code will be either:
-
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- A0 (hex) - Lifetime Expired while Data Unit in Transit
- A1 (hex) - Lifetime Expired during Re-assembly
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- If the first hop node does not support "Echo-Request" type
- field, the Error code will be:
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- B0 (hex) - Unsupported Option not Specified.
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- When trying to trace a route to a remote node, the destina-
- tion address in the Echo-Request PDU sent should be this
- remote destination. By using increasing values in the
- "Lifetime" field a route can be traced through the network
- to the remote node. This traceroute function should be
- implemented on each system (host or router) to allow a user
- to trace a network path to a remote host or router.
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- The error message is used as evidence of the reachablity and
- identity of the first hop. The originator then sends a
- packet with a "lifetime" field value of 2. The first hop
- decrements the "Lifetime" and because the "Lifetime" is
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- still greater than 0, it forwards it on. The second hop
- decrements the "Lifetime" field value and sends an Error PDU
- (ER NPDU) with one of the two "Lifetime Expired" error
- codes listed above to the originator. This sequence is
- repeated until either:
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- - the remote host is reached an either an Echo-Reply PDU is sent
- back or (for nodes that do not have the required Echo support)
- an ER PDU is sent back, or
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- - the an ER PDU is received with error code (B0) indicating
- that a node will not pass the Echo-Reply packet, or
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- - an ER NPDU is received with one of the following errors:
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- 80(hex) - Destination Address Unreachable
- 81(hex) - Destination Address Unknown.
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- If any of the following Error codes are received in an ER
- PDU, a second PDU should be sent by the originating node:
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- CodeReason from 8473
- -----------------------------
- 00(hex) - Reason not specified
- 01(hex) - Protocol procedure error
- 02(hex) - Incorrect checksum
- 03(hex) - PDU Discarded due to Congestion
- 04(hex) - Header Syntax Error (cannot be parsed)
- 05(hex) - Segmentation needed but not permitted
- 06(hex) - Incomplete PDU received
- 07(hex) - Duplicate Option
- B1(hex) - Unsupported Protocol Version
- B2(hex) - Unsupported Security Option
- B3(hex) - Unsupported Source Routeing Option
- B4(hex) - Unsupported Recording of Route Option
- C0(hex) - Reassembly Interface
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- If one of these error is detected, an error value should be
- returned to the user. More than one Echo NPDU, may be
- sent at a "Lifetime" value. The number of additional echo
- NPDUs is left up to the implementation of this traceroute
- function.
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- If one of the following errors is received, AND "partial
- source route" is not specified in the Echo-Request NPDU,
- send a second Echo-Request NPDU to the destination at a
- "Lifetime" value:
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- Code Reason from 8473
- --------------------------------
- 90(hex) Unspecified Source Routeing Error
- 91(hex) Syntax Error in Source Routeing Field
- 92(hex) Unknown Address in Source Routeing Field
- 93(hex) Path not Acceptable
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- (The Echo-request NPDU may have been damaged in shipping
- through the network.)
-
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- 5.2.2. Use of Partial Source route in traceroute
-
- The current IP traceroute has a 3rd party or "loose source
- route" function. The ISO 8473 protocol also supports a
- "partial source routeing" function. However, if a node
- (router or host) does not support the "partial source route-
- ing" function an ISO 8473 NPDU gets passed along the path
- "exactly as though the function has not been selected. The
- PDU shall not be discarded for this reason."[2]
-
- A partial source route function in the ISO Traceroute will
- set in the option fields the "source routeing" option, and
- the "partial source routeing" parameter within that option.
- To support a 3rd party or "loose source route" traceroute
- function, a node will send the Echo-Request NPDU with the
- "loose source routeing" field set. The functioning of the
- 3rd party/"loose source route" traceroute is the same except
- the following error cause the traceroute to be terminated:
-
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- Code Reason from ISO 8473
- --------------------------------------------------
- 92 Unknown Address in Source Routeing Field
- 93 Path not Acceptable
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- These errors may indicate a problem with the "loose source
- route" listed in the Echo-Request NPDU for this destination.
- Additional NPDUs with the same lifetime will only repeat
- this error. These errors should be reported to the user of
- the traceroute function.
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- 5.2.3. Information needed from a Traceroute utility
-
- A traceroute utility should provide the following informa-
- tion to the user:
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- - NET of systems the pathway goes through,
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- - ping times (in Round trip times) for each
- hop in the path,
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- - error codes from ER PDU received as a
- response to the an Echo-Request packet, and
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- - any other error conditions encountered
- by traceroute.
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- 5.3. OSI routing table dump
-
- Each OSI host (end system) or router (intermediate system)
- needs to be able to dump any of its routing tables. Routing
- tables may come from the:
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- a.) the ES-IS information
- b.) static
- c.) IS-IS
- d.) IDRP
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- or any other source.
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- Each system must be able to dump the routing table entries
- via some out of band mechinism. A method must exist to pro-
- vide these. It is suggested that a show osi routes command
- be created with the following options:
-
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- - a for all routes
- - esis for es-is routes
- - isis for is-is routes
- - idrp for idrp routes
- - static for static routes
- - other for routes from other sources.
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- In addition, it is optional but highly recommended that the
- routing tables be available via of the following network
- protocols:
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- 5.3.1. SNMP
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- Draft - TOOLS RFC November 10, 1992
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- Internet MIBs
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- RFC 1238 CLNS MIB [5]
- NET of this router
- ES adjacencies,
- ES Connection Timer,
- ES hold timer
- IS Adjacencies
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- 5.3.1.1. RFC XXXX Integrated IS-IS MIB [6]
-
- IS Reachability information
- IS L1 Adjacencies
- IS L2 ADjacencies
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- 5.3.1.2. RFC XXXX IDRP MIB [7]
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- per BIS router:
- InternalBIS,
- IntraIS,
- ExternalBISNeighbor,
- Internal Systems,
- LocalRDI,
- RDC-Config,
- Local-SNPA,
- MultiExit,
- RouteServer
- holdTime,
- CloseWaitDelay
- Local RIB
- Local FIB
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- per BIS neighbor:
- BIS NET
- BIS RDI
- BIS RDC
- Adj-RIB information
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- 5.3.2. CMIP agent
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- 5.3.2.1. ISO 10733 (Network Layer Management info) [8]
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- Network Entity Managed Object
- networkEntityTitles
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- linkage-ISO9542ES-P
- HoldingTimerMultipler
- manualISSNPAAddress
- defaultESConfigTimer
- activeESConfigTimer
- isReachabilityChanges
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- linkage-ISO9542IS-P
- holdingTimerMultiplier
- isConfigurationTimer
- suggestedESConfigurationTimer
- redirectHoldingTimer
- eSReachabilityChanges
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- 5.3.2.2. ISO 10589 (IS-IS Management info) [9]
- IS Reachability information
- IS L1 Adjacencies
- IS L2 ADjacencies
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- 5.3.2.3. ISO 10747 (IDRP Management info) [4]
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- per BIS router:
- InternalBIS,
- IntraIS,
- ExternalBISNeighbor,
- Internal Systems,
- LocalRDI,
- RDC-Config,
- Local-SNPA,
- MultiExit,
- RouteServer
- holdTime,
- CloseWaitDelay
- Local FIB
- Local RIB
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- per BIS neighbor:
- BIS NET
- BIS RDI
- BIS RDC
- Adj-RIB information
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- 6. References
-
- [1] ISO/IEC 8473, Information Processing Systems, "Protocol
- for Providing the Connectionless-mode Network Service and
- Provision of Underlying Service". May, 1987.
-
- [2] R. Hagens, "An Echo Function for ISO 8473", Request For
- Comment #1139, January 1990. DDN Network Information
- Center, SRI International.
-
- [3] R. Hagens and C.Wittbrodt, "An Echo Function for ISO
- 8473", Request For Comment #1139-Revised, October 1992.
- DDN Network Information Center, SRI International.
-
- [4] ISO/IEC DIS 10747 Information Processing Sys-
- tems - Telecommunications and Information Exchange
- between Systems - Protocol for Exchange of Inter-domain
- Routeing Information among Intermediate Systems to Support
- Forwarding of ISO 8473 PDUs.
-
- [5] RFC 1238 CLNS MIB (Greg Satz) - for use with Connec-
- tionless Network Protocol (ISO 8473) and End system to
- Intermediate System Protocol (ISO 9452)
-
- [6] RFC xxx Integrated IS-IS MIB - (Chris Gunner)
-
- [7] RFC xxxx IDRP MIB (Hares)
-
- [8] ISO/IEC 10733 - Information Technology - Telecommuni-
- cations and Information Exchange between Systems - Elements
- of Management Information Relating to OSI Network Layer
- Standards
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- [9] ISO/IEC 10589 - Information Processing Sys-
- tems - Telecommunications and Information Exchange
- between Systems - Protocol for Exchange of Intra-Domain
- Routeing Information among Intermediate Systems.
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